Sains Malaysiana 52(9)(2023): 2673-2688

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5209-16

 

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived from Bone Marrow and Umbilical Cord Display Anti-Cancer Activity in Cancer Cell Lines in vitro

(Sel Stem Mesenkima Manusia Diambil daripada Sum-sum Tulang dan Tali Pusat menunjukkan Aktiviti Anti-Kanser dalam Titisan Sel Kanser secara in vitro)

 

NOOR ATIQAH FAKHARUZI, MOON NIAN LIM, ZUHAIRI ABDUL RAHMAN, NURUL AIN NASIM MOHD YUSOF, EZALIA ESA & KAMAL SHAIK FAKIRUDDIN*

 

Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH), 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 17 Oktober2022/Diterima: 5 September 2023

 

Abstract

The anti-tumour efficacy of engineered mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) in cancers have been well documented by several reports. However, the impact of MSCs on the pathogenesis of solid cancers remains elusive. The study aims to elucidate the role of MSCs from bone marrow (BMMSCs) and umbilical cord (UCMSCs) on the proliferation, apoptosis and clonogenicity of cancer cell including H2170 (squamous cell carcinoma), LN18 (glioblastoma) and MCF7 (breast cancer) in vitro. Highest concentration of conditioned medium derived from the UCMSCs was significantly (p<0.001) effective to inhibit the proliferation of H2170 (25.8 ± 3.5%), LN18 (17.6 ± 6.5%) and MCF7 (33.2 ± 6.8%) as compared to 100% viability in basal. Both MSCs and its conditioned medium were able to significantly (p<0.001) induce apoptosis (early and late) to the H2170 and LN18 cells. However, for MCF7 cells, co-cultured with both MSCs had higher impact on the apoptosis as compared to their condition medium. Furthermore, conditioned medium from UCMSCs were able to significantly reduced the number of colonies in H2170 (609.5 ± 4.9) and LN18 (171.3 ± 12.6) as compared to control (H2170; 1196.3 ±12.8 and LN18; 253.3 ± 12.3), suggesting that these two cancer cells are sensitive to the MSCs. Notably, by co-culturing of all three cancer cell lines with the MSCs’ conditioned medium, we found that  there was an increased expression of more than two-fold in BAX, BAD, and APAF1 genes showing the ability of MSCs’ conditioned medium to induce the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in the cancer cells. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the MSCs could induce apoptosis and inhibit both H2170 and LN18 cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, this study did not find evidence of MSCs in enhancing tumorigenic characteristics of these cancer cells, and thus we postulate that MSCs are basically safe as a cell-based therapy in cancer treatment.

 

Keywords: Anti-cancer; cancer cell lines; in vitro; mesenchymal stem cell

 

Abstrak

Efikasi kejuruteraan sel stem mesenkima (MSC) dalam menangani beberapa jenis kanser telah pun dilaporkan. Namun demikian, impak MSC terhadap patogenesis kanser pepejal masih kurang diketahui. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peranan MSC daripada sum-sum tulang (BMMSC) dan tali pusat (UCMSC) terhadap pertumbuhan, apoptosis dan fungsi klonogenisiti sel kanser H2170 (karsinoma sel skuamosa), LN18 (glioblastoma) dan MCF 7 (kanser payudara). Media pertumbuhan berpekatan tertinggi yang diperoleh daripada  UCMSC adalah berkesan (p<0.001) untuk menghalang pertumbuhan sel H2170 (25.8 ± 3.5%), LN18 (17.6 ± 6.5%) dan MCF7 (33.2 ± 6.8%) apabila dibandingkan dengan 100% keviabelan asas. Kedua-dua BMMSC dan UCMSC serta media pertumbuhan mereka mendorong apoptosis (peringkat awal dan akhir) bererti (p<0.001) terhadap sel-sel H2170 dan LN18. Walau bagaimanapun, bagi sel-sel MCF7, pengkulturan bersama kedua-dua MSC menunjukkan kesan apoptosis yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan media pertumbuhan mereka. Selain itu, media pertumbuhan daripada UCMSC nyata dapat mengurangkan bilangan koloni sel H2170 (609.5 ± 4.9) dan LN18 (171.3 ± 12.6) berbanding dengan kawalan (H2170; 1196.3 ±12.8 dan LN18; 253.3 ± 12.3), mencadangkan bahawa kedua-dua sel kanser adalah sensitif terhadap MSC. Secara ketara, kami mendapati bahawa pengkulturan ketiga-tiga titisan sel kanser tersebut bersama dengan media pertumbuhan MSC dapat meninggikan lebih dua kali ganda eskpresi gen BAX, BAD dan APAF1, menunjukkan bahawa media pertumbuhan MSC dapat mendorong laluan apoptosis intrinsik pada sel kanser tersebut. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa MSC dapat mendorong apoptosis dan menyekat pertumbuhan sel kanser H2170 dan LN18. Di samping itu, kajian ini tidak menunjukkan bahawa MSC meningkatkan ciri tumorigenik pada sel kanser, maka kami mempostulatkan bahawa MSC adalah selamat bagi terapi berasaskan sel bagi rawatan kanser.

 

Kata kunci: Anti-kanser; in vitro; sel kanser; sel stem mesenkima

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: kamal.shaik@moh.gov.my

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

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